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The Museum of HP Calculators
The HP-15C was a high end scientific programmable. To the HP-34C's numericalintegration and root solver the HP-15C added complex numbers and matrixcalculations.
Complex Numbers
Feb 03, 2015 I hope this helps the owners/users of the vintage HP calculators save their instruments from the trash bin by a simple reset procedure. An HP-15C, HP-35S. HP-15C The HP-15C was a high end scientific programmable. To the HP-34C's numerical integration and root solver the HP-15C added complex numbers and matrix calculations. Complex Numbers A first on the HP-15C was built-in support for complex numbers. Programs for manipulating complex numbers existed as far back as the HP-65. To use these. Office Manuals and free pdf instructions. Find the office and computer equipment manual you need at ManualsOnline. Hp-15c. Read online or download PDF. HP 15c User Manual. Manuals Directory ManualsDir.com - online owner manuals library. The HP-16C Computer Scientist is a programmable pocket calculator that was produced by Hewlett-Packard between 1982 and 1989. It was specifically designed for use by computer programmers, to assist in debugging.It is a member of the HP Voyager series of programmable calculators.It was the only programmer's calculator ever produced by HP, though many later HP calculators have incorporated. HP ENVY 15 Notebook PC and HP ENVY TouchSmart 15 Notebook PC Maintenance and Service Guide.
A first on the HP-15C was built-in support for complex numbers. Programsfor manipulating complex numbers existed as far back as theHP-65. To use these programs, the user entered twonumbers into two stack positions and invoked the appropriate subroutine.This was cumbersome because it turned a four level stack into a two levelstack and required a subroutine (and label) for any complex function theuser might require.
By contrast, when the HP-15C entered Complex mode, it consumed 5 storageregisters, using four to add imaginary components to each level of the stackand one to add the imaginary component to Last X.
A complex number was entered by typing the real part and pressing ENTER andthen typing the imaginary part and pressing f I. This entered the imaginarypart on the imaginary stack and showed the real part in the display. To seethe imaginary part, the user could press f (i) and hold it as long as needed.Alternately, the user could press the real/imaginary exchange button to swapthe components.
Almost all the built-in functions worked for complex numbers just as theydid for real numbers. (The exceptions were the polar/rectangular conversionfunctions which were used to convert complex numbers from polar/rectangularmode.)
Matrix Math
Matrix math was another first on the HP-15C. The calculator could work withup to 5 matrices named A-E. Matrices were dimensioned with the DIM command.For example to define B as a 2 by 1 matrix, the user would press 2 ENTER1 f DIM B.
To store the elements in the matrix, the user could specify where to puteach element explicitly by adjusting R0 (row) and R1 (column) and then STOB or the user could put the keyboard in 'user' mode, which caused the rowand column indicators to automatically update left to right and top to bottomon successive STOs. Thus the user could press f USER and then press 5 STOB 10 STO B. (The calculator would briefly display the row and column juststored.) If the user wanted to recall the size of the matrix, pressing RCLMATRIX B would display 2 1.
Matrix elements could be recalled in similar fashions but there was alsoa stack-based shortcut. The user could enter the row and column in the Xand Y registers and then press RCL g and the matrix name.
Up to to 64 matrix elements could exist in the calculator. These could beshared among the matrices as the user required.
Many matrix functions were included such as determinants, inverse, LUdecomposition, as well as typical matrix math functions.
Programming
The HP-15C had 448 bytes which were shared between programs and storageregisters. One or two bytes were used for each instruction stored in a programand the maximum number of registers was 67. Initially the HP-15C had 322bytes of program space and 21 directly addressable registers (R0-R.9 andthe index register RI.) The number of storage registers could be changedwith the DIM (i) command. When the number of registers was reduced, highestnumbered registers disappeared first.
The HP-15C used label addressing with labels 0-9,.0-.9 and A-E. The lettersA-E were shifted functions on the keyboard and could be accessed via f letteror GSB letter. However the calculator had a user mode which swapped the shiftedand unshifted functions on these keys making the subroutines A-E callablewith a single key.
Previous HPs had allowed the user to press GTO . line_number to get aroundquickly while editing, but with valid labels starting with the decimal point,this shortcut was changed to GTO CHS line_number. Indirect addressing wasavailable via a dedicated index register I. (The I and (i) keys did doubleduty both as index register keys and complex number keys.)
Front view (~74K)
Three quarter view (~98K)
Back label (~109K)
Three quarter view (~98K)
Back label (~109K)
Dimensionsand Weight
Price: $135
Price: $135
Introduction-Discontinuation: 1982-1989
Goback to the main exhibit hall
NextCalculator Made
Previous Calculator Made
NextCalculator Made
Previous Calculator Made
Type | Programmable, Computer science |
---|---|
Manufacturer | Hewlett-Packard |
Introduced | 1982 |
Discontinued | 1989 |
Cost | 150 USD (1982) - 120 USD (1989)[1] |
Calculator | |
Entry mode | RPN |
Display type | |
Display size | 10 digits |
CPU | |
Processor | HP Nut |
Programming | |
Programming language(s) | Keystroke programming (fully merged) |
Memory register | 203 bytes (shared with programs)[2] |
Program steps | up to 203 steps (shared with data registers) |
Other | |
Power supply | 3× LR44 1.5 V button cells |
Power consumption | 0.25 mW |
Weight | 113 g |
Dimensions | 128 × 79 × 15 mm |
The HP-16C Computer Scientist is a programmable pocket calculator that was produced by Hewlett-Packard between 1982 and 1989. It was specifically designed for use by computer programmers, to assist in debugging. It is a member of the HP Voyager series of programmable calculators. It was the only programmer's calculator ever produced by HP, though many later HP calculators have incorporated most of the 16C's functions.
Features[edit]
The 16C can display integers in hexadecimal, decimal, octal and binary, and convert numbers from one number base to another. It also deals with floating-point decimal numbers. To accommodate long integers, the display can be 'windowed' by shifting it left and right. For consistency with the computer the programmer is working with, the word size can be set to different values from 1 to 64 bits. Binary-arithmetic operations can be performed as unsigned, one's complement, or two's complement operations. This allows the calculator to emulate the programmer's computer. A number of specialized functions are provided to assist the programmer, including left- and right-shifting, masking, and bitwise logical operations.
Apart from programmer functions, the calculator's abilities are limited to basic arithmetic (and reciprocal and square root),[3] which meant that typical users would also make use of a general scientific calculator. Floating-point numbers are only supported for base 10. However, it is still far more powerful (though also much more expensive) than contemporary competitors such as the non-programmable computer math calculator CasioCM-100[4][5][6][7] or the TIProgrammer [de],[8][9]LCD Programmer[10][11][12] or Programmer II.[13]
The base of the 16C features a printed reference chart for many of its functions.[14]
The calculator uses the proprietary HP Nut processor produced in a silicon on sapphire process and featured continuous memory, whereby the contents of memory are preserved while the calculator is turned off.[15] Though commonplace now, this was still notable in the early 1980s, and is the origin of the 'C' in the model name.
Programming[edit]
Appropriately for a programmer's calculator, the 16C, like all other members of the Voyager series, is itself programmable. Keystroke programming is used. Up to 203 program steps are available, and up to 16 program/step labels. Each step and label uses one byte, which consumes register space in 7 byte increments.Here is a sample program that computes the factorial of an integer number from 2 to 69. The program takes up 9 bytes. The codes displayed while entering the program generally correspond to the keypad row/column coordinates of the keys pressed.
Step | Keystrokes (shift keys not shown) | Displayed code | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
001 | LBLF | 43,22, F | Define label F (mnemonic for 'factorial') |
002 | x<>I | 42 22 | Store x in register I |
003 | 1 | 1 | Store 1 in x |
004 | LBL0 | 43,22, 0 | Define label 0 |
005 | RCLI | 45 32 | Recall register I into x |
006 | × | 20 | Multiply x and y |
007 | DSZ | 43 23 | Decrement register I and if not zero .. |
008 | GTO0 | 22 0 | .. go back to label 0 |
009 | RTN | 43 21 | Stop program - result displayed in x |
To run the program, enter the argument onto the stack, then press the keystrokes GSBF. The result is displayed when the program terminates.
Legacy[edit]
HP has never (as of 2018) made another calculator specifically for programmers,[2] but has incorporated many of the HP-16C's functions in later scientific and graphing calculators, for example the HP-42S (1988) and its successors.
Like many other vintage HP calculators, the HP-16C is now highly sought-after by collectors.[16] Several emulators are available for desktop computers, web browsers, smartphones and other calculators.[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]
In 2012, SwissMicros (aka RPN-Calc) introduced a miniature clone named DM-16CC approximating the size of an ID-1 credit card (88 mm × 59 mm × 7 mm). It closely emulates the functionality of the original HP-16C by running the original ROM image in an emulator on an ARM Cortex-M0-based NXPLPC1114 processor. Newer DM16 models feature a better keyboard and more RAM (LPC1115). A DM16 Silver Edition in a titanium case is available as well in three color variants (metal, brown, blue).[28] Deviating from the original, these calculators feature a dot-matrix display, switchable fonts and clock speeds, and, based on a Silicon Labs CP2102 converter chip,[29] they come with an USB (Mini-B[30]) serial interface to exchange data with a PC etc. for backup purposes (and possibly to communicate with applications like PC-based HP-16C emulators) or to update the firmware. In December 2015, SwissMicros introduced the DM16L, a version of the calculator about the same size as the original HP-16C. It still comes with a USB Mini-B connector. Powering via USB is not supported.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Thimet, Tony. 'Hewlett Packard HP-16C'. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
- ^ ab'HP-16C'. Museum of HP Calculators. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
- ^Toth, Viktor. 'Hewlett-Packard HP-16C'. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
- ^http://www.calcuseum.com/poc_13622.html
- ^https://edspi31415.blogspot.de/2017/02/retro-review-casio-cm-100-computer-math.html
- ^http://casio.ledudu.com/pockets.asp?type=1300&lg=eng
- ^http://casio.ledudu.com/images/calculs/casio/manuels/cm100.pdf
- ^http://www.datamath.org/Sci/MAJESTIC/Programmer.htm
- ^electronic calculator - TI programmer(PDF). Texas Instruments Incorporated. 1977. Archived(PDF) from the original on 2017-03-28. Retrieved 2017-03-28.
- ^Thimet, Tony. 'Texas Instruments LCD Programmer'. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
- ^http://www.datamath.org/Sci/Slanted/LCD-Programmer.htm
- ^electronic calculator - TI LCD programmer(PDF). Texas Instruments Incorporated. 1981. Archived(PDF) from the original on 2017-03-28. Retrieved 2017-03-28.
- ^http://www.datamath.org/Sci/Slanted/Programmer-II.htm
- ^'Hewlett-Packard 16C aka Voyager PR'. MyCalcDB. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
- ^'HP-16C Owner's Handbook'(PDF). Hewlett-Packard. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
- ^Albillo, Valentín. 'Long Live the HP-16C!'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-09-06. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
- ^Gray, Emmet (2012-02-05). 'WRPN Calculator'. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
- ^'Java HP16C Emulator'. 2005-08-15. Archived from the original on 2013-06-05. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
- ^Pfützenreuter, Elvis. 'Web HP-16C emulator'. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
- ^'hpcalc-iphone'. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
- ^Schwartz, Jake; Grevelle, Rick (2003-10-20) [1993]. HP16C Emulator Library for the HP48S/SX. 1.20 (1 ed.). Retrieved 2015-08-15. (NB. This library also works on the HP 48G/GX/G+. Beyond the feature set of the HP-16C, this package also supports calculations for binary, octal, and hexadecimal floating-point numbers in scientific notation in addition to the usual decimal floating-point numbers.)
- ^Martin, Ángel M.; McClure, Greg J. (2015-09-05). 'HP16C Emulator Module for the HP-41CX - User's Manual and QRG'(PDF). Archived(PDF) from the original on 2017-04-27. Retrieved 2017-04-27. (NB. Beyond the HP-16C feature set this custom library for the HP-41CX extends the functionality of the calculator by about 50 additional functions.)
- ^Martin, Ángel M. (2015-09-07). 'HP-41: New HP-16C Emulator available'. Archived from the original on 2017-04-27. Retrieved 2017-04-27.
- ^'What is HP-1XE?'. Retrieved 2017-03-13. (NB. HP-11C/12C/15C/16C microcode emulator package for HP 48S/48SX/48G/48GX/48G+/49G.)
- ^Thörngren, Håkan (2017-01-10). 'Ladybug Documentation' (release 0A ed.). Retrieved 2017-01-29.[1]
- ^'New HP-41 module available: Ladybug'. 2017-01-10. Archived from the original on 2017-01-29. Retrieved 2017-01-29.
- ^'WRPN 16C'. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
- ^'SwissMicros.com'. Retrieved 2013-06-29.
- ^http://www.jepspectro.com/htm/dm15.htm
- ^https://www.swissmicros.com/manuals/swissmicros_serial_guide_v1.63.pdf
Further reading[edit]
- Hewlett-Packard HP-16C Computer Scientist Owner's Handbook(PDF). Hewlett-Packard Company. April 1982. 00016-90001. Archived(PDF) from the original on 2017-03-28. Retrieved 2017-03-28.
Hp 15c Limited
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